{"id":85,"date":"2021-12-02T18:33:24","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T23:33:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/chapter\/oep-framework\/"},"modified":"2022-10-18T15:17:12","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T19:17:12","slug":"oep-framework","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/chapter\/oep-framework\/","title":{"raw":"Open Educational Practice Framework","rendered":"Open Educational Practice Framework"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Open Educational Practices (OEP)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">In recent years, the enormous growth in the (re)use, adaption and creation of [pb_glossary id=\"140\"] OER [\/pb_glossary] has prompted researchers to begin to shift their focus away from OER toward examining the teaching practices used to deliver open content called [pb_glossary id=\"141\"] open educational practices (OEP) [\/pb_glossary]. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a group of scholars conducted a study to examine the impact of an intentionally designed OEP course that resulted in the development of a \"Framework for OEP-based Course Design\u201d (Zhang, et. al, 2020). This framework identifies three key dimensions of OEP:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">open teaching;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">open collaboration; and <\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">open assessment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">Within these three dimensions exist the teacher, student and resource connections that need to occur to effectively demonstrate OEP \u2014 each of which is enabled through the use of educational technologies. Technology enablers will vary from situation to situation \u2014 and will change as technology evolves. <\/span><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h3 class=\"textbox__title\">How do I Choose \"Technology Enablers?\"<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Explore the <a href=\"https:\/\/extend.ecampusontario.ca\/technologist-design-thinking\/\">Ontario Extend Technologist Module Design - Thinking Approach<\/a>.<\/p>\n&nbsp;\n\n<img class=\"wp-image-83 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/technologist-design-thinking-process.png\" alt=\"Steps in the design thinking process: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, test\" width=\"700\" height=\"244\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/extend.ecampusontario.ca\/technologist-design-thinking\/\">Technologist Design Thinking Process<\/a>\u201d by Joanne Kehoe is licensed under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-describedby=\"audioeye_new_window_message\">CC BY 2.0<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">Below, you will find a short description of each of the three dimensions of the \u201cFramework for OEP-based Course Design\u201d (Zhang, et. al, 2020). Each of these dimensions is explained in greater detail \u2014 with examples of how they can be applied within your teaching practice \u2014 in the remaining sections of this module.<\/span>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/chapter\/open-teaching\/\">Open Teaching<\/a> (Teacher-Student Lens)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">Open teaching implies that teachers will implement teaching methodologies that allow learners to actively contribute to the co-creation of knowledge and be self-regulated. <\/span>Teachers can approach open teaching through connectivist learning practice \u2014 which is grounded in [pb_glossary id=\"138\"] connectivism [\/pb_glossary], a student-centred teaching and learning approach where learners share and co-create knowledge by making connections that can extend beyond the duration of the course.<\/p>\n\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/chapter\/open-collaboration\/\">Open Collaboration<\/a> (Student-OER Lens)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">Open collaboration implies that teachers will work with their students to build open communities to foster teamwork and social interaction (i.e., editing a blog, creating a Wikipedia page). <\/span>Students work together through the co-creation or adaptation of OER and digital artifacts \u2014 and are encouraged to share openly with others. This can happen through social media platforms, Pressbooks, websites, ePortfolios, etc.<\/p>\n\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/chapter\/open-assessment\/\">Open Assessment<\/a> (Teacher-OER Lens)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">Open assessment implies that teachers will redesign learning tasks to support both teacher \u2014 and peer \u2014 assessment and a strategy like this emphasizes reflective practice and improved learning outcomes. Indeed, adjusting and redesigning assessments to support OEP is essential. There are a number of technologies that can be used to support open assessment like OER authoring tools, OER repositories, social networks and collaborative editing tools.<\/span> In these cases, students are assessed on collaborative, renewable assignments that are the result of the creation of supplemental learning resources that all students can benefit from (and that future students can build upon). Take for example open-class discussion forums that are established to create a space for students to discuss the feedback and answers to assessments and, by extension, to learn from each other.<\/p>\n<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">The remaining sections of this module will take a deeper dive into each one of these dimensions of the \"Framework for OEP-based Course Design.\"<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><a id=\"figure1\" href=\"\"><\/a>Figure 1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">Framework for OEP-based Course Design<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2043\/2021\/12\/OEP-Framework-Course-Design.png\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-84 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/10\/OEP-Framework-Course-Design-1024x590.png\" alt=\"Open Educational Practice (OEP) Framework. Open teaching (top center), open collaboration (bottom-right), open assessment (bottom left).\" width=\"1024\" height=\"590\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Note. This figure highlights the open educational practice framework. It illustrates the various ways in which the practices of open teaching, open collaboration and open assessment are connected in the overall picture of open educational practice.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Adapted from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/12\/21\/9129\/htm\">A Case Study of Applying Open Educational Practices in Higher Education during COVID-19: Impacts on Learning Motivation and Perceptions<\/a> by Zhang, et. al, and is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a>) license.<\/p>\n\n\n<hr>\n\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Zhang, X., Tlili, A., Huang, R., Chang, T., Burgos, D., Yang, J., &amp; Zhang, J. (2020). A Case Study of Applying Open Educational Practices in Higher Education during COVID-19: Impacts on Learning Motivation and Perceptions. Sustainability, 12(21), 9129. doi:<a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/12\/21\/9129\/htm\">10.3390\/su12219129.<\/a><\/p>","rendered":"<h2>Open Educational Practices (OEP)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">In recent years, the enormous growth in the (re)use, adaption and creation of <button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"85-140\"> OER <\/button> has prompted researchers to begin to shift their focus away from OER toward examining the teaching practices used to deliver open content called <button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"85-141\"> open educational practices (OEP) <\/button>. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a group of scholars conducted a study to examine the impact of an intentionally designed OEP course that resulted in the development of a &#8220;Framework for OEP-based Course Design\u201d (Zhang, et. al, 2020). This framework identifies three key dimensions of OEP:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">open teaching;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">open collaboration; and <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">open assessment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">Within these three dimensions exist the teacher, student and resource connections that need to occur to effectively demonstrate OEP \u2014 each of which is enabled through the use of educational technologies. Technology enablers will vary from situation to situation \u2014 and will change as technology evolves. <\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h3 class=\"textbox__title\">How do I Choose &#8220;Technology Enablers?&#8221;<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Explore the <a href=\"https:\/\/extend.ecampusontario.ca\/technologist-design-thinking\/\">Ontario Extend Technologist Module Design &#8211; Thinking Approach<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption wp-image-83 size-full aligncenter\"><img class=\"wp-image-83 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/technologist-design-thinking-process.png\" alt=\"Steps in the design thinking process: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, test\" width=\"700\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/technologist-design-thinking-process.png 700w, https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/technologist-design-thinking-process-300x105.png 300w, https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/technologist-design-thinking-process-65x23.png 65w, https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/technologist-design-thinking-process-225x78.png 225w, https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/10\/technologist-design-thinking-process-350x122.png 350w\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/extend.ecampusontario.ca\/technologist-design-thinking\/\">Technologist Design Thinking Process<\/a>\u201d by Joanne Kehoe is licensed under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" aria-describedby=\"audioeye_new_window_message\">CC BY 2.0<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">Below, you will find a short description of each of the three dimensions of the \u201cFramework for OEP-based Course Design\u201d (Zhang, et. al, 2020). Each of these dimensions is explained in greater detail \u2014 with examples of how they can be applied within your teaching practice \u2014 in the remaining sections of this module.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/chapter\/open-teaching\/\">Open Teaching<\/a> (Teacher-Student Lens)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">Open teaching implies that teachers will implement teaching methodologies that allow learners to actively contribute to the co-creation of knowledge and be self-regulated. <\/span>Teachers can approach open teaching through connectivist learning practice \u2014 which is grounded in <button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"85-138\"> connectivism <\/button>, a student-centred teaching and learning approach where learners share and co-create knowledge by making connections that can extend beyond the duration of the course.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/chapter\/open-collaboration\/\">Open Collaboration<\/a> (Student-OER Lens)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">Open collaboration implies that teachers will work with their students to build open communities to foster teamwork and social interaction (i.e., editing a blog, creating a Wikipedia page). <\/span>Students work together through the co-creation or adaptation of OER and digital artifacts \u2014 and are encouraged to share openly with others. This can happen through social media platforms, Pressbooks, websites, ePortfolios, etc.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/chapter\/open-assessment\/\">Open Assessment<\/a> (Teacher-OER Lens)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">Open assessment implies that teachers will redesign learning tasks to support both teacher \u2014 and peer \u2014 assessment and a strategy like this emphasizes reflective practice and improved learning outcomes. Indeed, adjusting and redesigning assessments to support OEP is essential. There are a number of technologies that can be used to support open assessment like OER authoring tools, OER repositories, social networks and collaborative editing tools.<\/span> In these cases, students are assessed on collaborative, renewable assignments that are the result of the creation of supplemental learning resources that all students can benefit from (and that future students can build upon). Take for example open-class discussion forums that are established to create a space for students to discuss the feedback and answers to assessments and, by extension, to learn from each other.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">The remaining sections of this module will take a deeper dive into each one of these dimensions of the &#8220;Framework for OEP-based Course Design.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><a id=\"figure1\" href=\"\"><\/a>Figure 1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\">Framework for OEP-based Course Design<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-nocaption alignnone wp-image-84 size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub\/app\/uploads\/sites\/2043\/2021\/12\/OEP-Framework-Course-Design.png\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-84 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/10\/OEP-Framework-Course-Design-1024x590.png\" alt=\"Open Educational Practice (OEP) Framework. Open teaching (top center), open collaboration (bottom-right), open assessment (bottom left).\" width=\"1024\" height=\"590\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/10\/OEP-Framework-Course-Design-1024x590.png 1024w, https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/10\/OEP-Framework-Course-Design-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/10\/OEP-Framework-Course-Design-768x443.png 768w, https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/10\/OEP-Framework-Course-Design-1536x886.png 1536w, https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/10\/OEP-Framework-Course-Design-2048x1181.png 2048w, https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/10\/OEP-Framework-Course-Design-65x37.png 65w, https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/10\/OEP-Framework-Course-Design-225x130.png 225w, https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/10\/OEP-Framework-Course-Design-350x202.png 350w\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><em>Note. This figure highlights the open educational practice framework. It illustrates the various ways in which the practices of open teaching, open collaboration and open assessment are connected in the overall picture of open educational practice.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Adapted from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/12\/21\/9129\/htm\">A Case Study of Applying Open Educational Practices in Higher Education during COVID-19: Impacts on Learning Motivation and Perceptions<\/a> by Zhang, et. al, and is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a>) license.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Zhang, X., Tlili, A., Huang, R., Chang, T., Burgos, D., Yang, J., &amp; Zhang, J. (2020). A Case Study of Applying Open Educational Practices in Higher Education during COVID-19: Impacts on Learning Motivation and Perceptions. Sustainability, 12(21), 9129. doi:<a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/12\/21\/9129\/htm\">10.3390\/su12219129.<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"85-140\" hidden><p>Open Educational Resources. Teaching, learning and research materials in any medium \u2013 digital or otherwise \u2013 that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"85-141\" hidden><p>A.k.a open pedagogy, OEP is the use of open educational resources (OER) to support learning, or the open sharing of teaching practices with a goal of improving education and training at the institutional, professional, and individual level.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"85-138\" hidden><p>The collective connections between all the \u2018nodes\u2019 in a network that result in new forms of knowledge (Bates, 2019).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"part":76,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/85"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/85\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":146,"href":"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/85\/revisions\/146"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/76"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/85\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=85"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=85"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fanshaweopen.ca\/teachingintheopen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=85"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}